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1
As long as you get some decent numbers when running your large MMC through the MMC calculator, there should be no limit to the amount of capacitors you can put in parallel/series. https://kaizerpowerelectronics.dk/calculators/mmc-calculator/

At some point its properly going to be too much stray indutance from leads, but I guess its at a point where most people would give up soldering that many together in the first place :)
2
You need at least 100 VDC on the bus, to not get fooled by switching spikes from the voltage dependant capacitances of the IGBT. The output capacitance Coes will result in virtually the same amplitude switching spikes, but they look very big against 60 VDC compared to 300-600 VDC.

Maybe your spikes are not that big afterall, but circumstances of the measurements make them look big :)
3
How are you adding phase lead to UD1.3?  There have been discussions on the forum about doing so, but it's not simple to get phase lead that is consistent as primary current changes using UD1.3 circuitry without comparitor.

How are you measuring current?  With a third CT?  What cores are used for CTs and how many turns and what burden resistor for measurement CT?  Posting a schematic of your phase-lead-modified UD1.3 would help with any further discussion.

Vce waveform appears to show phase lead on first plot and even more phase lead (too much) on second plot.  That's likely why spikes get worse.  You may be getting phase lead due to CT inductance (on both UD1.3 feedback and on your measurement of current).  With standard UD1.3 feedback path using 74HC14 and zener clamp diodes, phase lead caused by CT inductance will decrease as primary current increases.

I tried to use the phase lead section of the UD 2.7c.
Here you can see the schematic for the driver.
* UD 1.3 phase mod.pdf


Okay soo current was measured at feedback signal across the 51R resistor. Here im not sure if this a good idea or not, but i can measure using a separate CT.
Both the FB CT and OCD CT are 1024:1 , OCD resistor is 10R.   CT core is salvaged of a PSU



And maybe my Vce measurements are then wrong too. I measured that across the Low-side IGBT C-E. Here are more photos with different lead inductor.


purple is Vce, yellow Vge, cyan current across 51R

4
Solid State Tesla Coils (SSTC) / Re: Single board for SSTC and DRSSTC operation
« Last post by davekni on December 01, 2024, 10:45:49 PM »
Quote
2) Receive Bluetooth data from another Esp32 to adjust interrupter frequency and duty cycle. (No Optical modules needed which brings down cost even further).
Bluetooth seems like a nice idea.  I've been surprised how well wireless microphones work around TCs and even my Marx generator.  No direct experience with Bluetooth, but I'd guess it will work in spite of TC arcs nearby.  Please post your results with Bluetooth when operational.

Quote
I have also added the ability to switch between SSTC and DRSSTC operation with the help of few jumpers.
Are any of the jumpers actually needed?  No harm in registering enable with SSTC, especially with a self-oscillating feedback path making clock continuously available.  In particular, J5 if open leaves a CMOS input floating, not recommended.

Ramped or CW DRSSTCs can be fine without OCD.  Primary current is consistent enough to be limited by design and testing.  For conventional pulsed DRSSTC with primary current feedback, some form of OCD is strongly recommended.  Perhaps could be simple (but not precise) using spare 74HC14 to monitor current.  A fixed resistor of say 10 ohms on bottom side of RV2 can provide current sense without requiring a separate OCD CT.

Line ZCD looks good, once delay is added by the processor as you mention.  Of course, could use bit-cheaper diodes such as 1N4148, but then wouldn't be common parts with other parts of your circuit.

Probably cheaper than UCC2732X parts but a bit more ECB area:  Logic-level-drive FETs can be driven directly with 5V logic outputs, especially logic with high drive current such as 74AHC00.  I'll be testing this for my next coil, a CW DRSSTC plasma speaker, using logic level FETs BSS306N and DMP3165L driven by 74AHCxx logic.
This discrete FET option has performance advantages too.  GDT drive voltage can be much higher than your existing 12V (or up to 15V for UCC2732X).  Using 12V requires non-1:1 GDT ratios with their associated much higher leakage inductance.  UCC drivers have high current at Miller plateau, but don't clamp nearly as hard to supply rails.  This can be problematic if GDT inductance is on the low side.  And discrete FET solution removes need for output clamp diodes.
I'll post a schematic in a day or two.  My schematic uses 74ACT14 to allow drive from 3.3V PLD outputs.  Would be easy to change to 74AHC00, two parallel for each output.  NAND gates provide enable gating.  One inverter is needed, such as your spare 74AC14, on one input side of NAND gates.

Hope your design all goes well!
5
Quote
I tried to adjust phase lead too, but i got way bigger spikes with phase lead on than without the inductor .... strange ?!?
How are you adding phase lead to UD1.3?  There have been discussions on the forum about doing so, but it's not simple to get phase lead that is consistent as primary current changes using UD1.3 circuitry without comparitor.

How are you measuring current?  With a third CT?  What cores are used for CTs and how many turns and what burden resistor for measurement CT?  Posting a schematic of your phase-lead-modified UD1.3 would help with any further discussion.

Vce waveform appears to show phase lead on first plot and even more phase lead (too much) on second plot.  That's likely why spikes get worse.  You may be getting phase lead due to CT inductance (on both UD1.3 feedback and on your measurement of current).  With standard UD1.3 feedback path using 74HC14 and zener clamp diodes, phase lead caused by CT inductance will decrease as primary current increases.
6
Quote
Can somebody explain how can i suppress that ringing ? GDT is 8 turns 1:1:1:1:1 EPCOS B64290L0618X035 5400nH , gate resistors 5.1Ohm / 2W.
Vge ringing is caused by a combination of GDT leakage (parasitic) inductance with Cge (gate capacitance).  Gate resistor is to damp that ringing.  5.1 ohms is too low for your GDT/IGBT combination.
Rather than just increasing resistor values alone, I'd reduce GDT leakage inductance too.  Less inductance will allow smaller resistors so keep switching fast.  Below are links to my GDT tutorial and then Mads' recent one with video:
    https://highvoltageforum.net/index.php?topic=1854.msg13949#msg13949
    https://highvoltageforum.net/index.php?topic=3167.msg22464#msg22464
Your existing ringing is marginal.  Only real issue is first negative half-cycle after rising edges, enough to partially turn IGBT back off again.  Falling edge ring is not an issue.  Vge is below zero, and not enough negative to damage gate oxide.  Vge waveform with bus voltage applied will change too.  Was likely just good enough before.
Without diodes across gate resistors, your dead time may be marginal too.

Impressive what you accomplished before getting an oscilloscope!  You'll learn much more now being able to measure things.

I did some tests, and here are the results: I added 5.6 Ohm resistor to the output of the driver, and it seems like that the spikes disappeared.



I connected the primary, and used a dummy load. Vbus was set to 60 VDC,  and the waveforms looked like this:


IGBT C_E


I tried to adjust phase lead too, but i got way bigger spikes with phase lead on than without the inductor .... strange ?!?



But at least the coil works.
7
Voltage Multipliers / Re: Last cap in CW always blowing up
« Last post by JoeBusic on December 01, 2024, 03:30:50 PM »
I was wrong. Chasing resonance is just dumb. I have neglected the ability of the HV transformer.
Thinking out loud:
Caps are static charge thingies. Current first pulls out, then the voltage.
Ergo,
If the necessary current is pulled and there is not enough charge left for voltage (simplifying power equals A*V is charge), voltage drop will be significant in the multiplier.
SO , my purchase of 2.2nF caps was just an ignorant doing.
It seems that the setup should be made from the goal and calculated backwards. I'm no electronics dude so I'm learning this the hard way. OK with it!
That said, my initial problem would be solved very easily with smaller caps. Way smaller caps. Talking about 50pF caps for a 10uA load. Tho the resistor solution is not bad, it is a secondary tuning thing, not a solution.
As my intent is to make 3 tests with loads of 10uA, 1mA and =>5mA, there is a need for three setups. One setup and just changing the resistor bank is hell. I understand it now.
SO, my HV transformer is at optimum @35kHz to 40kHz. Instead of chasing resonance, it has to be made with those frequency margins.
Mid setup, for 1mA can be made with components at hand.
10uA setup will need higher frequency, but I'll try to make it happen <45kHz and see if it works.
High current setup will need WAY bigger caps and it's on hold now.
For each setup goal is 230kV, so there will probably be management of stages, not just resonance. Seems like 7 stages will do, but after resonance tuning and considering voltage drop with low currents, I'll se how it goes.
Reading about bifilar coils for resonance tuning. A lot of ways to tune. :)
Will buy an inductance meter. Seems like a handy thing in this situation.
8
Electronic Circuits / Scientific Atlanta (Cisco) 1 GHz Combiner and PSU Teardown
« Last post by Mads Barnkob on December 01, 2024, 11:43:09 AM »
Teardown of Cisco / Atlanta Scientific Cable TV combining amplifier. These small amplifiers are used in receiver stations with combining amplifiers to send out the different channels on a single cable.

/>
Scientific Atlanta HG Combiner  Amplifier model 9954H 1 GHz. This model can use primary and backup 28 VDC  power supply and takes two input signals at 1GHz to combine them into a single output.

The schematic on the side of the amplifier shows signal paths for input 1 and input 2. PAD is the orange attenuator pads, signal conditioning for correct signal strength. EQ is the equalizer, for compensating cables losses ahead. Gain block is the ACA2402R IC / power amplifier. The output 2-way combiner is a passive circuit.



The power supply is marked as Scientific Atlanta P2-PS-M-A-W, manufactured february 2008. It is however a OEM product from Tectrol Total Power Solution with product number TC53S-1469A. Input voltage 100-240 VAC and max output power 250 W. Made in Canada. No mentions of output voltages, but from the amplifier a good guess would be dual 28 VDC.



9
Vacuum Tube Tesla Coils (VTTC) / GU-81M Hartley Driven VTTC
« Last post by janno288 on December 01, 2024, 10:46:59 AM »
Hello Guys,
I have been working on different VTTC topologies, one very promising one was using a hartley oscillator to power a Tesla Coil. a lot of interesting power oscillator circuits can be found in the "Philips Tubes for RF heating" book.
Here, ive powered by Tesla Coils with one of those oscillatios and the results are really promising so far, thing is i am currently limited by the power supply, i need to. knock out those MOT shunts someday. Sparks grow up to 30cm.
the feedback ratio is very important because you need to find the sweetspot between current drawn and voltage get the maximum power!
More info can be found here:
and
10
Solid State Tesla Coils (SSTC) / Single board for SSTC and DRSSTC operation
« Last post by Simranjit on November 30, 2024, 09:10:38 PM »
Hi  everyone,
I have designed this circuit with focus on moving from SSTC to DRSSTC operation and bringing the cost down.

I am using ESP32 which serves few purposes.
1) Adjust timing received from ZCD circuit (uses only vanilla components) to enable UCC drivers at right moment of zero crossing of AC mains. (No bulky transformer needed).
2) Receive Bluetooth data from another Esp32 to adjust interrupter frequency and duty cycle. (No Optical modules needed which brings down cost even further).

Other features.
I have also added the ability to switch between SSTC and DRSSTC operation with the help of few jumpers.

I know it doesn't have advanced features of ud2.9 (I have also designed my own board for that also in KiCAD 7, although I haven't tested it yet).
I am just trying to dip my toes in DRSSTC world and understand it more before I test ud2.9.
The idea is to enclose everything in a custom 3d printed enclosure box for and wrap the box in aluminum foil tape and then ground it.

I have implemented all of the knowledge I received from this forum in this design.
I would really appreciate some feedback on some design improvement and maybe even some additional functionality because Canada-Post is on strike and I want to make sure I got everything right before I order boards.

Edit: I have tested the ZCD detection circuit and ESP32 operation on perfboard. Tesla coil works as expected with over 10" arcs.
Edit2: I know 24V is usually used for DRSSTC operation for IGBTs. I will adjust for that in next iteration.
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