Author Topic: Bidirectional charge pump  (Read 3228 times)

Offline HiVi

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Bidirectional charge pump
« on: April 19, 2020, 01:28:00 PM »
While thinking about voltage conversions, i got an idea to modify the charge pump that would enable bidirectional current flow. Picture bellow, sorry for non standard schematics.

The idea is to swap diodes with controlled switches, mosfets for example. Instead of driving capacitor strings, you drive switches that equalize the voltages of connected capacitors.
Driving of mosfets could be done with another capacitor string or optoisolated gate drivers.
The whole circuit works as voltage equilizer of capacitors. You can load the 1xV point, and supply the voltage at 4xV, or vice versa. The string can be longer, power can be loaded or applied at any point.

Has anybody seen such circuits already? Could not find it on internet, yet it seems quite useful.
Seems quite great for transformer replacement if you switch from AC to DC grid. I was always more of a DC guy.

Offline davekni

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David Knierim

Offline Weston

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Re: Bidirectional charge pump
« Reply #2 on: April 19, 2020, 08:59:27 PM »
The general topic you are referring to is "Switched Capacitor Converters". http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~pel/seminars/APEC09.pdf

Switched capacitor converters can only efficiently produce integer ratio voltage conversion ratios and can require a lot of switches, so historically they have not been used that much, and typically in lower power applications. I have used this chip before to produce negative voltage ratios: https://www.ti.com/product/LM27762

Now that control circuity and transistors are becoming somewhat cheaper switched capacitor converters are becoming more popular. In research people are using a single small inductor to enable zero voltage switching and non-integer ratio voltage conversion ratios and getting pretty high efficiency and power density.

Offline HiVi

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Re: Bidirectional charge pump
« Reply #3 on: April 19, 2020, 09:31:04 PM »
Yes the mentioned battery cell balancing is a good example of such circuit.

I know about switched capacitor converters, but usually they are used to double or inverse voltages as mentioned. Also charge pumps are always used to raise voltage, never have i seen them used for lowering voltages.

Looking from standpoint of lowering high voltages, you are limited to staging no matter what you use. Either capacitive or inductive energy storage for energy conversion. Transoformers can handle only a limited volume of hv insulation before they get too big. Also switching at high voltage side of transformer is not simple task once above few kV.
Of course I am talking about DC power systems where switching is a must.

I agree that switched capacitor are becoming more interesting lately due to advancements in semiconductors and therefore lower prices.
I am quite interested how far we will get with SiC and GaN and possibly some other new chemistry of semiconductors.

Offline johnf

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Re: Bidirectional charge pump
« Reply #4 on: April 20, 2020, 02:04:24 AM »
That is what the CUK convertor is all about

Offline Weston

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Re: Bidirectional charge pump
« Reply #5 on: April 20, 2020, 03:41:46 AM »
Yes the mentioned battery cell balancing is a good example of such circuit.

I know about switched capacitor converters, but usually they are used to double or inverse voltages as mentioned. Also charge pumps are always used to raise voltage, never have i seen them used for lowering voltages.

Looking from standpoint of lowering high voltages, you are limited to staging no matter what you use. Either capacitive or inductive energy storage for energy conversion. Transoformers can handle only a limited volume of hv insulation before they get too big. Also switching at high voltage side of transformer is not simple task once above few kV.
Of course I am talking about DC power systems where switching is a must.

I agree that switched capacitor are becoming more interesting lately due to advancements in semiconductors and therefore lower prices.
I am quite interested how far we will get with SiC and GaN and possibly some other new chemistry of semiconductors.

Inductors are a lot more lossy and less power dense than capacitors so there are are advantages in reducing the usage of inductors, which is motivating a lot of the current research in the area.

With the right switch implementation these topologies are typically invertible, so the lack of a step down implementation is more of a market fit thing. 

A professor at UCB uses stacked switch capacitor converters (with a small inductor for zero voltage switching) for step up and step down applications, which is pretty similar to what you are talking about.
Sadly, they are not open access and it does not look like he hosts the preprints on his website like many professors do, but if you can get access here are some papers on it: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8915699  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8444977

That is what the CUK convertor is all about

Although it has a capacitor through which energy is transferred, the cuk converter is not typically considered a switched capacitor type converter. Its more derivative of boost / buck converters and it is impossible to implement without the inductors.

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Re: Bidirectional charge pump
« Reply #5 on: April 20, 2020, 03:41:46 AM »

 


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