Author Topic: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot  (Read 8875 times)

Offline costas_p

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Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« on: August 30, 2020, 05:00:49 PM »
Hello all,

I have built a half bridge sstc, with 555 as an interrupter, antenna as a feedback, and the driving is done with the ucc3732x chips, my gdt core is n30 material.

When I apply voltage through a variac , around 60-70 Vac nothing happens, until i close the switch, where there is a 10cm spark momentarily on the topload, and the same length of spark on the antenna.

When i change the leads of the primary, at around 50 Vac it works as a CW sstc and blows both mosfets and and the gate resistors after 2-3 seconds (the visible spark output is 1-2cm approximately)

Unfortunately i do not have an oscilloscope.

Any ideas about what is wrong?

I can post schematic and more photos if someone want to help.

Thanks in advance :)
Papadakis Costas

Offline davekni

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #1 on: August 30, 2020, 10:10:39 PM »
It might be possible to get through debug without a scope, but more information is needed to be of any help.  Most important, please post schematics of your circuits.  Then reference specific elements, rather than just "the switch", which could be anything.

Look through other threads and links to tutorials here on SSTC debug.  If that doesn't help, ground the antenna and walk through your circuit with a multimeter recording voltages.  List voltages for nodes within the circuit and I'll look through your results.  Either annotate another schematic copy with voltages, or list voltages with specific node labels such as U2-1 for pin 1 of IC U2.
David Knierim

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #2 on: August 31, 2020, 02:58:46 PM »
Hello davekni, thank for your reply.

Grounding the antenna meaning on negative rail, or earth ground??

By switch I mean the mains switch cutting the power to the bridge.

Also before putting the chips into the sockets, I did a voltage test and found all 12v connection good, with the lm7805 supplying only 4,6v , althought the 74hc14 can operate on this voltage (referring to the datasheet)

So for the test, how can I measure the voltage of a signal (eg 555 output) with a multimeter ?

I will post voltages and schematic with grounded antenna later today
Papadakis Costas

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #3 on: August 31, 2020, 06:25:08 PM »
This is the pcb layout,
I do not have the schematic in digital form, if you prefer that, i can draw it by hand and upload it.
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Offline davekni

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #4 on: August 31, 2020, 08:02:29 PM »
Yes, a schematic would be helpful.  Thank you for the layout - that will help too.  I could trace the layout, but if you upload a schematic, then everyone will be using the same reference for discussion.  Perhaps it makes sense to just post your schematic before taking time to probe, in case there's some clear schematic issue.

Is your control circuitry grounded to earth somewhere?  My thought for initial meter probing was to tie antenna input to the low-voltage negative (ground) rail.  For probing with a meter, set to DC volts, negative meter lead to low-voltage negative (ground), and touch different circuit nodes with the positive meter lead.  (I often use a standard T-pin held in an alligator-clip for probing, with tape around it to avoid touching the circuit with my hand.  The sharp steel tip makes it less likely to slip off an IC pin while probing.  Even sharpen the pin or needle further with sand paper or whatever.)

4.6V isn't an issue unless it indicates some broader problem.  One such possibility is unstable regulator operation.  The 4.6V might be oscillating from 3V to 5V with an average value of 4.6V.  Check that node with your meter set to AC volts.

What value are the X2 caps?  With those two caps, the DC blocking cap is serving no function, but not hurting either.

There have been a few cases here of cheap Chinese counterfeit UCC2732x chips.  Not sure if there are similar issues with the UUC3x versions.  The counterfeit chips have completely non-functional enable pins (always enabled).  Non-functioning enable looked like a possibility from the initial behavior you posted.
David Knierim

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #5 on: August 31, 2020, 08:34:35 PM »
Attaching fast hand drawn schematic, its a classical 555 based interrupter, 74hc14 as hex inverter and the driving is done by ucc3732x with a GDT.

Also the 2 videos of its operation mentioned in first post:

1)
/>
2)
/>
Indeed the UCC driver chips and the LM7805 regulator, are bought from a questionable retailer at ebay.
But with both 3 stuck on enable, the coil should blow its fuse due to CW mode and maxing amps on fuse, but the fuse seems to blow because both mosfets make a short circuit between the + - DC rails. (fuse in installed before the bridge rectifier).

Probing the coil will be done later this week (possibly Friday).

PS. Hand drawn schematic is a mess, i can maybe make a proper schematic using an online tool also later this week

EDIT: Rail caps are WIMA MKP x2 150nF 305V and dc block capacitor is WIMA FKP 100nF 1600V  (on schematic i put reversed values by mistake)

   
« Last Edit: August 31, 2020, 08:38:14 PM by costas_p »
Papadakis Costas

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #6 on: August 31, 2020, 09:24:55 PM »
Schematic
Papadakis Costas

Offline davekni

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #7 on: August 31, 2020, 10:43:30 PM »
Thank you for the schematic, that is helpful.

Looking back at your first post, were you expecting something to happen before closing your mains switch?  It almost sounds like that was working properly for a moment.  Sparks to the antenna may have damaged your HC14 input and/or the 1N4148 clamp diodes.  The antenna needs to be farther away.  The input diodes designed to protect the HC14 work under normal conditions aren't designed to handle spark currents.  Damage may induct high input leakage current without causing a complete hard failure of the chip.  One quick way to check is to power your control board only, then measure voltage from HC14-1 to ground, then HC14-1 to +5V.  Both should read about 0V, as the meter should be able to pull HC14-1 either high or low.

To check ucc3732x enables, power the board with 12V and set duty cycle to minimum.  Connect HC14-1 to ground (negative side of 12V/5V supplies).  Measure voltage from ground to enable (ucc37321-3 and ucc37322-3).  Measure voltage from ground to ucc37321-6/7 and to ucc37322-6/7.  Then repeat with HC14-1 to 5V.  In all cases, the ucc3732x output voltage should read no more than the enable pin voltage.  If the output voltage is higher, then you have some of the non-functional-enable counterfeit chips.

Transistors usually fry faster than fuses.  Continuous enable could easily explain your problems, as could the initial spark to the antenna (partially) frying the HC14.

The half-bridge cap values are quite low for normal SSTC designs.  Have you ran JavaTC on your coil design, or some other calculation of inductances and frequencies?  You may have accidentally built a DRSSTC, which may be overloading the half-bridge given long enable pulses (long for DRSSTC use).
David Knierim

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #8 on: September 01, 2020, 01:28:24 PM »
Coil secondary/primary coil geometry is copied from kaizer sstc 3 so don't think there is a problem as being a drsstc.

Secondary 165mm length / 75mm diameter, 36awg enameled copper wire.
Primary 10 turns of 1,5mm2 wire,  80mm in diameter.

I try use javatc on chrome for android with some errors
(Same errors on chrome for windows desktop - the coil picture is not centered, and also javatc show my coil as 255khz resonant, while Mads is around 180khz with same coil)
Papadakis Costas

Offline davekni

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #9 on: September 02, 2020, 04:49:54 AM »
The key difference between SSTC and DRSSTC isn't in coil design, but rather in the capacitor(s) in series with the primary.  For an SSTC, the capacitance is large enough to make primary resonance way below secondary.  The capacitance is typically referred to as DC-blocking, with a value around 5uF.  For DRSSTC, the series capacitance is much lower, making the primary resonant frequency close to that of the secondary.

You have roughly a DRSSTC setup.  Primary capacitance is the two X2 caps in parallel (0.2uF) in series with the 0.15uF "blocking" cap, for 0.086uF.  Combined with 8.23uH primary produces roughly 200kHz primary resonant frequency.  That's close to the secondary resonance, so dual-resonant or DRSSTC.  The driver's enable pulse width designed for SSTC is much too long for this DRSSTC.  Primary current will ramp too high.

In short, the X2 caps and "blocking" cap need to be much larger.  As I mentioned previously, the blocking cap isn't needed, as the two X2 caps perform that function fine by themselves.
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Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #10 on: September 02, 2020, 07:57:58 PM »
So essentially , after probing the driver circuit, finding out if pin 3 on both ucc chips is working, removing dc block cap and replacing the X2 caps, the coil should work.

What is your suggestion for new X2 caps? Will two Wima MKP X2 2.2uF work??
https://www.tme.eu/en/details/mkp-x2-2.2u_305/x2-y2-polypropylene-capacitors/wima/mkx2aw42206f00kssd/
Or should a chose caps with higher voltage rating than the one on the link in order to suppress transients?

Unfortunately, i cannot buy a lot a variants in order to experiment, local market has no such stock, and the shipping from the company I buy online is a bit on the high side comparing most prives of general electronic components.
Papadakis Costas

Offline davekni

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #11 on: September 02, 2020, 08:41:08 PM »
Those 2.2uF 305VAC/560VDC X2 caps may work fine, but X2 caps aren't generally intended for high current at high (200kHz) frequency.  This part has no ripple current specification.  From a very quick search of WIMA parts, MKPF3Y42206B00KSSD 2.2uF 450V is specified at 3.5A RMS 10kHz, so could likely handle a bit more at 200kHz.  Should be within spec up to ~20% duty cycle for your coil.  Of course, larger parts (either more capacitance or higher voltage) generally handle more ripple current.  DC link capacitors are good for SSTC use, but even small ones tend to be more than you need (and physically larger).

If you don't mind waiting, another option for caps is Chinese induction cook-top caps.  I use an array of such 0.33uF 1200V resonant caps for my DRSSTC MMC.  They perform well in my abuse testing.  The same line is available in what they call "X2" caps, at 5uF 400VDC, 275VAC.  Although they are called "X2" caps, given the induction cook-top application, they must handle high-frequency AC current well.  (Just ordered a few for future abuse testing.)  A couple EBay links for these:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/10PCS-New-BM-Capacitor-MKP-5uF-275VAC-400VDC-for-Induction-cooker-repair-P-31/272271652027?epid=25006519205&hash=item3f64a7b4bb:g:-EAAAOSwmtJXXQmN
https://www.ebay.com/itm/2pcs-5uF-400VDC-MKP-Capacitors-Smoothing-Filter-For-Induction-Cooker/392262782819?hash=item5b54af0f63:g:lOgAAOSwc3ZUnp7E
Not thoroughly specified, but my guess is that they will perform quite well, and the price is low.

Your antenna may need to be a bit farther away to avoid arcs.  I'd suggest bending a small loop at the top to make it less pointed, so less likely to arc.  Of course, too far away doesn't pick up enough signal to function.  It's also possible that the one arc you had damaged the HC14 or diodes.  Hopefully not.  If it doesn't work, that's something to check.  You'll also may need to reverse primary coil polarity depending on how it's left at the moment.

Hopefully the 4.6V regulator is DC, not oscillating.  Another hopefully-not issue.

Yes, with the cap changes, you should be close.
« Last Edit: September 03, 2020, 01:52:23 AM by davekni »
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Offline Zipdox

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #12 on: September 03, 2020, 09:52:58 AM »
Your antenna may need to be a bit farther away to avoid arcs.  I'd suggest bending a small loop at the top to make it less pointed, so less likely to arc.  Of course, too far away doesn't pick up enough signal to function.  It's also possible that the one arc you had damaged the HC14 or diodes.  Hopefully not.  If it doesn't work, that's something to check.  You'll also may need to reverse primary coil polarity depending on how it's left at the moment.
Maybe consider using secondary coil feedback, with a 1:50 current  transformer around the bottom of the primary. Alternatively maybe you should use a resistor in series with the antenna to take some load off of the diodes and power rails.

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #13 on: September 07, 2020, 09:59:40 PM »
Gentlemen success!!  :D

Replaced the 5v regulator to a stable one (seems the 5v rail was a problematic lm7805 transistor)
Replaced the 1n4148 diodes, the 74hc14, the UCC chips, the 555, all from texas instuments ( no advertising  :P )

Made antenna a bit longer and a circle on its end as davekni suggested.

I link the video of the sstc working @ 50v AC max, have not tested it at full power yet.

Strange thing is that when the sstc gives a spark, the variac seems to zap me with no pain or any "electrical" feeling on my hand, its like a big speaker with bass, but the effect feels only on the fingers turning the knob. I cant explain it better because I am not a native English speaker. Anyone felt anything like that before?

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Offline AstRii

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #14 on: September 07, 2020, 10:29:15 PM »
Congratulations! :)


Strange thing is that when the sstc gives a spark, the variac seems to zap me with no pain or any "electrical" feeling on my hand, its like a big speaker with bass, but the effect feels only on the fingers turning the knob.


Tesla Coils usually create high EMI which can induce voltages on nearby conductors as your variac's casing is.
Especially if you ground the secondary via main's earth. That can even cause problems. Once i destroyed my interrupter because i grounded the secondary to the mains earth, and the interrupter was powered from mains, which caused arcs on the microprocessor of the interrupter, eventually frying it :)
Bc. Marek Novotny
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Offline davekni

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #15 on: September 08, 2020, 02:53:35 AM »
I'd recommend grounding everything close to the coil that has a metal case.  Still, if you are close to the coil, you will pick up some field yourself.  You are acting as an antenna.  So grounding yourself by touching something grounded results in some current that you may feel as you touch a grounded object.
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Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #16 on: September 28, 2020, 08:40:11 PM »
I tried testing the coil with 230V mains voltage (since my 50v ac test was done, the variac was borrowed from a friend and no longer in my possession).

I applied power to the driver, then I applied power to the bridge, but it resulted in an explosion cutting power to the house because the plastic box holding the fuse in the pcb melted and Line touched the earth lead of the mains connector.

Papadakis Costas

Offline Zipdox

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #17 on: September 28, 2020, 08:50:33 PM »
Can you take some photos of the damage?

Offline costas_p

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #18 on: September 28, 2020, 09:03:23 PM »
Here are the photos

EDIT: on the first photo, on the IEC filter/mains connector, there is a breakdown of the metal casing, bottom right side, unfortunately i can't focus my phone to take clearer picture.
« Last Edit: September 28, 2020, 09:05:32 PM by costas_p »
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Offline Zipdox

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #19 on: September 28, 2020, 09:09:46 PM »
The fuse is the only thing that blew? Can you measure the VBUS and MOSFETs for continuity to see if they're shorted?

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Re: Half bridge sstc help with troubleshoot
« Reply #19 on: September 28, 2020, 09:09:46 PM »

 


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March 11, 2024, 05:01:03 AM
post Re: Electric insulator. Paraffin wax?
[General Chat]
MRMILSTAR
March 11, 2024, 04:23:20 AM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
alan sailer
March 11, 2024, 02:30:11 AM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
TMaxElectronics
March 11, 2024, 12:37:52 AM
post Electric insulator. Paraffin wax?
[General Chat]
Alberto
March 10, 2024, 11:06:04 PM
post Re: Bleeder resistor in CW multiplier
[Voltage Multipliers]
davekni
March 10, 2024, 06:58:51 PM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
davekni
March 10, 2024, 06:49:36 PM
post Bleeder resistor in CW multiplier
[Voltage Multipliers]
Sugarb0y
March 10, 2024, 05:37:39 PM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
alan sailer
March 10, 2024, 02:16:25 PM
post Re: Simple oscillator instead a ZVS
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
Alberto
March 10, 2024, 02:01:12 PM
post New type of hfsstc using self-oscillating current mode class D
[Solid State Tesla Coils (SSTC)]
Perolodzilla
March 10, 2024, 01:03:51 PM
post Re: [WTS] IGBT, Ferrite, Capacitors, Tools, PSU, Industrial components and parts
[Sell / Buy / Trade]
Mads Barnkob
March 10, 2024, 10:16:38 AM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
flyingperson23
March 10, 2024, 07:10:22 AM
post Re: Simple oscillator instead a ZVS
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
MRMILSTAR
March 10, 2024, 05:18:03 AM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
alan sailer
March 10, 2024, 04:50:13 AM
post Re: DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
davekni
March 10, 2024, 03:42:28 AM
post Re: Simple oscillator instead a ZVS
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
Twospoons
March 10, 2024, 12:05:09 AM
post DRSSTC Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
alan sailer
March 09, 2024, 10:40:11 PM
post Simple oscillator instead a ZVS
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
Alberto
March 08, 2024, 10:49:24 PM
post Re: Frequency
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
Alberto
March 08, 2024, 10:22:59 PM
post Re: 160mm DRSSTC II project | Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
Mads Barnkob
March 08, 2024, 08:22:34 PM
post APC Smart UPS 450 Watt, for Server 19" Rack 1U, Teardown
[Electronic Circuits]
Mads Barnkob
March 08, 2024, 04:07:44 PM
post Re: 160mm DRSSTC II project | Questions
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
Late
March 08, 2024, 11:56:11 AM
post Re: CM400 Induction Heater
[Electronic Circuits]
petespaco
March 08, 2024, 01:59:43 AM
post Re: Frequency
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 11:35:01 PM
post Re: Frequency
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
Alberto
March 07, 2024, 11:00:03 PM
post Re: Unknown Diode Replacement
[Beginners]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 10:55:40 PM
post Re: CM400 Induction Heater
[Electronic Circuits]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 10:46:42 PM
post Re: Frequency
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 10:23:27 PM
post Unknown Diode Replacement
[Beginners]
Luca
March 07, 2024, 09:55:48 PM
post Re: GDT Driver
[Electronic Circuits]
Mads Barnkob
March 07, 2024, 09:55:04 PM
post Re: CM400 Induction Heater
[Electronic Circuits]
markus
March 07, 2024, 05:07:37 PM
post GDT Driver
[Electronic Circuits]
reklm
March 07, 2024, 04:17:12 PM
post Re: Frequency
[Transformer (Ferrite Core)]
Alberto
March 07, 2024, 01:03:47 PM
post Re: CM400 Induction Heater
[Electronic Circuits]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 05:12:31 AM
post Re: Secondary Splicing
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
Benjamin Lockhart
March 07, 2024, 04:45:02 AM
post Re: CM400 Induction Heater
[Electronic Circuits]
petespaco
March 07, 2024, 04:32:17 AM
post Re: Secondary Splicing
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 03:43:25 AM
post Re: DIY induction guns? (warning:long)
[Induction Launchers, Coil Guns and Rails guns]
Michelle_
March 07, 2024, 03:22:34 AM
post Secondary Splicing
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
flyingperson23
March 07, 2024, 02:35:54 AM
post Re: CM400 Induction Heater
[Electronic Circuits]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 01:19:03 AM
post Re: First DRSSTC Build Log
[Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla coils (DRSSTC)]
davekni
March 07, 2024, 01:06:15 AM

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